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DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

Immune response biomarker profiling application on ProtoArray protein microarrays.

Barry Schweitzer¹, Lihao Meng, Dawn Mattoon

¹Protein Array Center, Invitrogen Corporation, Branford, CT, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|April 22, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method to detect autoantibodies in urine, crucial for identifying multiple biomarkers. This advances diagnostic and prognostic assays for autoimmune diseases and cancers.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

Published on: October 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Biomarker Discovery
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Autoantibodies are key indicators in autoimmune disorders and cancers.
Autoantibodies are valuable for diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring applications.
Identifying multiple autoantigen biomarkers is essential due to patient variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel protocol for detecting autoantibodies in urine.
To expand the utility of autoantibody detection beyond serum and plasma.
To facilitate the discovery of new urinary autoantibody biomarkers.

Main Methods:

Utilized functional protein microarrays (ProtoArrays) with thousands of human proteins.
Adapted existing protocols for autoantibody detection in serum and plasma.
Developed and validated a new protocol for urine sample analysis.

Main Results:

Successfully established a protocol for detecting autoantibodies in urine.
Demonstrated the feasibility of using urine as a source for autoantibody biomarker discovery.
Laid the groundwork for identifying novel urinary autoantibody signatures.

Conclusions:

Urine autoantibody detection offers a non-invasive alternative to serum-based assays.
This method enhances the potential for developing new diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Further research can leverage this protocol to identify critical biomarkers for various diseases.