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Negative and Positive Feedback01:18

Negative and Positive Feedback

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

Receiving right/wrong feedback: consequences for learning.

Lisa K Fazio1, Barbie J Huelser, Aaron Johnson

  • 1Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0086, USA. lisa.fazio@duke.edu

Memory (Hove, England)
|April 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simple right/wrong feedback offers minimal learning benefits compared to no feedback. However, it slightly improves retention of low-confidence correct answers, though reviewing materials is more effective.

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Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
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Published on: May 14, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds
10:13

A Lightweight, Headphones-based System for Manipulating Auditory Feedback in Songbirds

Published on: November 26, 2012

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Prior research indicates that right/wrong feedback may not enhance learning compared to no feedback.
  • The generalizability of this finding across different learning contexts remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of right/wrong feedback on learning and error correction.
  • To examine whether feedback type influences the retention of correct answers and low-confidence responses.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using different learning materials: facts from prose and foreign vocabulary translations.
  • Participants received either right/wrong feedback, no feedback, or reviewed materials.
  • Learning and retention were assessed through various measures.

Main Results:

  • Right/wrong feedback did not improve overall error correction or retention of correct answers in Experiments 1 and 2.
  • Feedback did enhance the retention of correct answers given with low confidence in Experiment 3.
  • Reviewing learning materials proved beneficial, with similar effects regardless of feedback condition.

Conclusions:

  • Right/wrong feedback provides limited learning benefits compared to no feedback or reviewing materials.
  • While not entirely uninformative, right/wrong feedback is less effective than direct answer provision or material review.
  • The utility of feedback in learning is context-dependent and may be less impactful than previously assumed.