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"Small group PETting:" Sample sizes in brain mapping research.

O Vitouch¹, J Glück

¹Brain Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria.

Human Brain Mapping

|April 22, 2010

Summary

Brain mapping research frequently uses extremely small sample sizes, with a median of just 8.5 subjects. This "small sample practice" poses significant risks, necessitating increased investment in data acquisition for more reliable findings.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Medical Imaging
Brain Mapping Research

Background:

Concerns exist regarding the small sample sizes prevalent in human brain mapping studies.
The reliability and generalizability of findings from such studies are often questionable.

Purpose of the Study:

To objectively assess the prevalence of small sample sizes in human brain mapping research.
To highlight the potential dangers associated with underpowered studies in this field.

Main Methods:

Analysis of sample sizes from 410 studies presented at the First International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain.
Statistical examination of sample size distribution and comparison with the number of authors.

Main Results:

A high percentage of studies utilized very small samples, with a median sample size of 8.5.
In 30.3% of the studies, the number of authors was equal to or greater than the number of subjects.

Conclusions:

The "small sample practice" is alarmingly common in brain mapping research.
There is a critical need for increased investment in rigorous data acquisition to improve study power and validity.