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Experimental animal models of hypertension
Kiran V Sarikonda1, Ralph E Watson, Oluchi C Opara
1College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Insights
Experimental animal models are crucial for studying hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease. Careful selection and analysis of these models are essential for accurate human health research.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of mortality globally.
- Experimental animal models are vital for understanding HTN's etiology, pathophysiology, complications, and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the various experimental animal models used for hypertension research.
- To highlight the importance of selecting appropriate models based on research needs and limitations.
Main Methods:
- Categorization of hypertension models: renovascular, renal parenchymal, pharmacologically induced, environmentally induced, and genetic.
- Discussion of factors influencing model selection: research question, cost, and technical expertise.
Main Results:
- Numerous animal models exist to mimic diverse aspects of human hypertension.
- Significant physiological and pathophysiological differences exist between animal models and human hypertension.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of animal models and rigorous data analysis are necessary before applying findings to human hypertension.
- Appropriate model selection is critical for advancing hypertension research and treatment strategies.
Abstract:
Hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease are the most common causes of death in developed countries. The use of experimental animal models of HTN has provided valuable information regarding many aspects of HTN, including etiology, pathophysiology, complications, and treatment. Because the etiology of HTN is heterogeneous, many experimental animal models have been developed to mimic the many facets of human HTN. The choice of animal model will be determined by the research question, monetary limitations, and technical expertise. The categories of models of HTN are: renovascular, renal parenchymal, pharmacologically induced, environmentally induced, and genetic. There are considerable differences between HTN in animals and humans, including differences in homeostatic mechanisms and pathophysiology; therefore, a thorough understanding of the animal models and rigorous analysis is required before extrapolating the finding in animals to humans.