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A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
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Fiber-coupled, Littrow-grating cavity displacement sensor.

Graham Allen1, Ke-Xun Sun, Robert Byer

  • 1Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4085, USA. gsallen@stanfordalumni.org

Optics Letters
|April 23, 2010
PubMed
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We developed a compact optical displacement sensor using a diffraction grating and a Fabry-Perot cavity. This sensor achieves high-precision measurements with a low noise floor, suitable for advanced applications.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Optical displacement sensors are crucial for precision measurement.
  • Fabry-Perot cavities offer high sensitivity but often require complex setups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a compact, fiber-fed optical displacement sensor.
  • To achieve high-precision displacement readout using a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Littrow-mounted diffraction grating to create a low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity.
  • Employed the Pound-Drever-Hall radio frequency (rf) modulation technique at 925 MHz for readout.
  • Integrated an optical-fiber feed for sensor input.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a nominal working distance of 2 cm and a dynamic range of 160 nm.

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  • Measured a displacement noise floor below 3x10⁻¹⁰ m/√Hz above 10⁻² Hz.
  • Demonstrated high-precision readout of a compact resonant cavity using 925 MHz modulation.

    • Conclusions:

    • The developed sensor is compact and suitable for precise displacement measurements.
    • The Pound-Drever-Hall technique effectively reads out low-finesse cavities.
    • Frequency stabilization of the reference laser can further improve the noise floor to below 10⁻¹² m/√Hz.