Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Here to Stay: Infectious Diseases in Emergency Medicine.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2018
Same author

Clinical Course of γ-Hydroxybutyrate Overdose.

Annals of emergency medicine·2017
Same author

Salicylate toxicity from ingestion and continued dermal absorption.

The California journal of emergency medicine·2010
Same author

HIV in the emergency department. Preface.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2010
Same author

Oral hypoglycemics sold as Valium on the streets: a case report.

Annals of emergency medicine·2004
Same author

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pleural effusion in congestive heart failure.

Annals of emergency medicine·2004
Same journal

Why Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions in Emergency Medicine Matters.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Myths and Misconceptions in Emergency Medicine.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Acute Otitis Media-Watch and Wait Is Not a Myth.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Hot or Not? Myths and Misconceptions About Antipyretics for Pediatric Fever.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Epinephrine Improves Outcomes in Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Myth: Pretreatment Prevents Intravenous Contrast Reactions in the Emergency Department.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
08:15

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

Postexposure prophylaxis for HIV.

Rachel L Chin1

  • 1University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|April 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthcare workers exposed to HIV can receive antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent infection. Prompt initiation of PEP and comprehensive care are crucial for effective outcomes following potential HIV exposure.

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
08:15

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Healthcare workers face significant risks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other pathogen exposure through bodily fluids.
  • Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been a standard intervention for occupational HIV exposure since the 1990s.
  • PEP protocols have expanded to include nonoccupational exposures, such as sexual assault cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established practice of antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • To highlight the critical time-dependent nature of PEP efficacy.
  • To emphasize the importance of integrated care including wound management and support services.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established clinical guidelines and practices for postexposure prophylaxis.
  • Analysis of the time-sensitivity and efficacy of antiretroviral therapy following exposure.
  • Consideration of comprehensive patient management beyond pharmacological intervention.

Main Results:

  • Antiretroviral medications are effective in preventing HIV transmission when administered promptly after exposure.
  • The efficacy of PEP is significantly influenced by the timing of initiation.
  • Comprehensive care, including wound management and psychosocial support, is essential for all exposed individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with antiretroviral medications is a critical intervention for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after occupational and nonoccupational exposures.
  • Rapid initiation of PEP is paramount for maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
  • Holistic patient management, encompassing wound care and access to social, medical, and advocacy services, is integral to successful outcomes.