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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
Published on: May 8, 2015
Application of micro-attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy in the forensic study of questioned documents
Warnadi Dirwono1, Jin Sook Park, M R Agustin-Camacho
1Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryangri, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Red seal inks from Korea (6), Japan (1) and China (6) were studied to investigate the feasibility of micro-attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy as a tool in the forensic study of questioned documents involving seal inks. The technique was able to differentiate red seal inks of similar colors and different manufacturers. Blind testing has shown that micro-ATR FTIR can identify the origin of the red seal inks with accuracy. Data gathered were converted to a database for future reference. Also, the technique was also successful in determining the sequence of heterogeneous line intersection from a personal seal and a ballpoint pen. The results show that micro-ATR FTIR can be a valuable non-destructive tool for the objective analysis of questioned documents involving different red seal inks.
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