Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

A Single-Component System

A Single-Component System

In the field of chemistry, the terms "component" and "phase" hold significant importance. A component refers to a chemically distinct substance in a system that has specific properties. It is chemically homogeneous, meaning it has the same properties throughout. For example, in a mixture of salt and water, both salt and water are considered separate components because they have different chemical properties.On the other hand, a phase is a form of matter that has a consistent chemical...

The Thermodynamics of Mixing

The Thermodynamics of Mixing

Mixing is a fascinating phenomenon in thermodynamics, particularly when considering the Gibbs energy of a mixture at constant temperature and pressure. This energy, denoted as G, tends to decrease during spontaneous mixing processes, offering insights into the composition changes that occur.Imagine two ideal gases, initially separated in different containers, with amounts nA and nB, respectively, both at a temperature T and pressure p. The chemical potentials of these gases have their 'pure'...

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
In the absence of...

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Impact of COVID-19 infection on gamete quality and embryo development and in subsequent pregnancy of patients undergoing ART.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026

Same author

Oral health-related quality of life of patients with class II and class III dentofacial deformity before and after orthognathic surgery: a prospective cohort study.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2026

Same author

[Study on the design of refractive parameter scheme for SMILE surgery based on regression models for the correction of myopia and astigmatism].

[Zhonghua yan ke za zhi] Chinese journal of ophthalmology·2025

Same author

Treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine plus slow-release liothyronine: a study protocol for a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial.

Trials·2025

Same author

Transport and thermoelectric properties of bernal stacked bilayer graphene due to lattice vibrations and magnetic field.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Preconceptional maternal hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome risk in male offspring: a long-term population-based study.

Journal of endocrinological investigation·2024

Same journal

MACHINE LEARNING ENABLES QUANTIFYING CELL-JANUS PARTICLE CONJUGATES THROUGH MICROFLOWING IMPEDANCE SIGNALS.

Micro total analysis systems : proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)·2024

Same journal

CONCENTRATION GRADIENTS INSIDE MICRODROPLETS.

Micro total analysis systems : proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)·2021

Same journal

APPLICATION OF DNA-DIRECTED PATTERNING TO FABRICATE AN IN VITRO BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT FOR THE HIGH-THROUGHPUT STUDY OF PROSTATE CANCER DORMANCY.

Micro total analysis systems : proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)·2021

Same journal

High-Throughput Microfluidic Device for Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation from Whole Blood.

Micro total analysis systems : proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)·2016

Same journal

SIZE BASED NANOPARTICLE SEPARATION USING DIELECTROPHORETIC FOCUSING FOR FEMTOSECOND NANOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS.

Micro total analysis systems : proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)·2014

Same journal

HIGH-THROUGHPUT CELL SORTER WITH PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATION.

Micro total analysis systems : proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)·2014

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production

Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production

Published on: December 1, 2023

A combinatorial multicomponent plug mixer for systems chemistry.

F Azizi, Q Wan, T Radivoyevitch

Micro Total Analysis Systems : Proceedings of the ... [Mu] TAS International Conference on Miniaturized Chemical and Biochemical Analysis Systems. [Mu] TAS (Conference)

|April 24, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a combinatorial multicomponent plug mixer (CMPM) chip to generate numerous mix ratios for studying ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) interactions. This 4-component chip enables 5400 combinations for efficient biological network analysis.

More Related Videos

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 25, 2012

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

Published on: June 12, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production

Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production

Published on: December 1, 2023

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 25, 2012

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

Published on: June 12, 2015

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Chemical Engineering
Molecular Biology

Background:

Studying protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions is crucial for understanding biological networks.
Existing methods may not efficiently generate the diverse conditions needed for comprehensive interaction analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and validate a combinatorial multicomponent plug mixer (CMPM) chip.
To enable high-throughput generation of various mix ratios for interaction studies.
To facilitate the investigation of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) interaction networks.

Main Methods:

Construction of a 4-component CMPM chip.
Testing the chip using fluorescent dye mixtures.
Utilizing dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and NADPH mixtures to validate performance.
Employing 2 mm plug lengths for mixture generation.

Main Results:

The CMPM chip successfully generated a large number of distinct mix ratios.
The 4-component chip is capable of producing 5400 different combinations within a 30-plug cycle.
Successful validation using fluorescent dye and DHFR/NADPH mixtures confirmed chip functionality.

Conclusions:

The CMPM chip is an effective tool for generating diverse chemical and biological mixtures.
This technology can significantly advance the study of complex molecular interactions, such as those involving RNR.
The CMPM chip offers a high-throughput solution for exploring interaction networks.