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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
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Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
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Does antiretroviral therapy increase or decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Carl J Fichtenbaum1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0560, USA. Carl.fichtenbaum@uc.edu

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|April 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antiretroviral therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Infectious Disease Research
  • HIV Medicine

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a significant concern for individuals with HIV infection.
  • HIV infection itself is a chronic inflammatory condition contributing to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Certain antiretroviral medications are associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence and controversy surrounding HIV and antiretroviral therapy's role in cardiovascular disease development.
  • To clarify the complex relationship between HIV, its treatment, and atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic studies and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of the impact of different antiretroviral drug classes on cardiovascular risk.

Main Results:

  • Some antiretroviral drugs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors) are linked to higher CHD risk.
  • Other antiretroviral classes (NNRTIs, entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors) appear neutral regarding CHD risk.
  • Short-term initiation of antiretroviral therapy may reduce CHD risk, but long-term data is limited.

Conclusions:

  • The net effect of antiretroviral therapy on cardiovascular disease risk in people with HIV remains perplexing.
  • Further adequately powered randomized trials are needed to definitively establish the role of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-related cardiovascular disease.