Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Glycan-binding properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins: interactions with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Tuning rotational barriers through substituent modification in catechol-diyl molecular gyrotops.

Organic & biomolecular chemistry·2025
Same author

Persistent Unilateral Pleural Effusion with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Infiltration in Primary Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2025
Same author

In vivo CRISPR screening reveals cooperation of KMT2D and TP53 deficiencies in B-cell lymphomagenesis.

Blood advances·2025
Same author

Switching Conjugation Is the Predominant Factor Contributing to Complete Reversal of Amide <i>cis</i>-<i>trans</i> (Z-E) Preference through <i>N</i>-Methylation.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same author

Remnant Stomach Influx Reduces Esophageal Reflux and Malnutrition After Proximal Gastrectomy With Double Tract Reconstruction.

Cancer diagnosis & prognosis·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy
09:30

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Published on: July 19, 2024

Self-assembled M24L48 polyhedra and their sharp structural switch upon subtle ligand variation.

Qing-Fu Sun1, Junji Iwasa, Daichi Ogawa

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo and Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created giant M24L48 coordination spheres using palladium ions and ligands. Subtle changes in ligand geometry dramatically altered the self-assembly outcome, demonstrating emergent behavior in complex nanoscale systems.

More Related Videos

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy
09:30

Modeling Ligands into Maps Derived from Electron Cryomicroscopy

Published on: July 19, 2024

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
12:33

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

Published on: February 4, 2013

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Self-assembly is a key bottom-up strategy for creating nanoscale structures.
  • Large, multicomponent systems are vital for understanding biological assembly but are synthetically challenging.
  • Coordination chemistry offers pathways to design complex self-assembled architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize large, multicomponent coordination spheres.
  • To investigate the sensitivity of self-assembly to ligand geometry.
  • To explore emergent behavior in complex nanoscale systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized palladium ions (M) and curved bridging ligands (L) for self-assembly.
  • Synthesized giant M24L48 coordination spheres.
  • Analyzed structural changes resulting from variations in ligand bend angle.

Main Results:

  • Successfully assembled giant M24L48 coordination spheres from 24 palladium ions and 48 ligands.
  • Demonstrated that slight changes in ligand bend angle critically altered the final self-assembled structure.
  • Observed a switch between M24L48 and M12L24 coordination spheres based on ligand geometry.

Conclusions:

  • The geometry of curved ligands dictates the outcome of large-scale self-assembly.
  • Emergent behavior, characterized by amplified structural changes from small geometric variations, was observed.
  • This work highlights the precise control achievable in designing complex supramolecular structures.