[Hyaluronic acid: structure, metabolism and implication in cicatrisation]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Dermatology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Hyaluronan (HA) is a vital component of the extracellular matrix, influencing skin viscoelasticity and hydration.
• HA's biological functions are critically dependent on its molecular weight.
• Both structural and signaling roles of HA are integral to the complex wound healing cascade.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the distinct roles of high molecular weight hyaluronan versus its degradation products (oligomers) in wound healing.
• To explore the mechanisms by which hyaluronan influences cellular processes relevant to tissue repair.
• To highlight the biomedical potential of hyaluronan based on its versatile properties.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and analysis of existing research on hyaluronan's biological activities.
• Examination of hyaluronan's interaction with cell surface receptors like CD44 and RHAMM.
• Assessment of the impact of different molecular weights of HA on cellular behavior in the context of wound healing.

Main Results:

• High molecular weight HA provides structural support to the extracellular matrix.
• HA oligomers actively promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and neo-angiogenesis.
• HA oligomers modulate inflammatory responses, contributing to effective wound repair.
• HA interacts with CD44 and RHAMM receptors to mediate its biological effects.

Conclusions:

• Hyaluronan's dual nature, with distinct functions based on molecular weight, is essential for efficient wound healing.
• The ability of HA oligomers to modulate cellular behavior and inflammation underscores their therapeutic potential.
• Hyaluronan's unique physico-chemical properties make it a valuable biomaterial for various biomedical applications, particularly in regenerative medicine.