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Toward successful postbooking diversion: what are the next steps?
Steve Ryan1, Chris K Brown, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
1Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 EPI UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-4395, USA.
Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.)
|May 5, 2010
Summary
U.S. jail diversion programs for adults with serious mental illness show promise in reducing criminal justice contacts and hospitalizations. More research is needed to enhance positive outcomes and identify factors predicting successful diversion.
Area of Science:
- Forensic Psychiatry
- Mental Health Services Research
- Criminal Justice Studies
Background:
- Adults with serious mental illness (SMI) are frequently involved in the criminal justice system.
- Postbooking jail diversion programs aim to redirect these individuals to community-based mental health services.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review U.S. postbooking jail diversion programs for adults with SMI.
- To examine client appropriateness, program types, outcome evidence, and success predictors.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE (1999-2008).
- Keywords included jail diversion, mental health diversion, serious mental illness, and criminal justice.
Main Results:
- Clients in diversion programs are diverse; programs utilize various approaches (e.g., assertive community treatment, mental health courts).
- Evidence shows reduced client-level criminal justice contacts and hospitalizations.
- System-level impacts include increased mental health service utilization, but cost-effectiveness research is lacking.
- Community and societal outcome data are scarce; factors predicting success require further investigation, though mandated treatment may help.
Conclusions:
- Numerous strategies exist for diverting individuals with SMI from jail.
- Further research is essential to optimize diversion program effectiveness and outcomes.
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