Can a dairy-rich diet be effective in long-term weight control of young children?

To determine the long-term effect of a randomized controlled trial of a dairy-rich diet on generalized and abdominal obesity, as well as on the components of the metabolic syndrome, among obese prepubescent children.

This trial was conducted among a population-based sample of 120 obese prepubescent children who were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number. In addition to attending 6 consecutive monthly family-centered education sessions about healthy lifestyle, an isocaloric dairy-rich diet (>800 mg ca/d) was recommended to the children of one group (DR: dairy-rich diet), the second group was placed on a caloric-restricted regimen (ER: energy-restricted), and the third group received no additional recommendation (C: controls). The groups were then followed-up twice a year for 3 years.

The mean age of the children was 5.6 +/- 0.5 years. Of 120 participants, 95 (75%) completed the study; the DR group had the highest retention rate. In all groups, body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) and waist circumference decreased significantly after the 6-month trial, but had a sustained significant rise during the follow-up period to the end of the study; however, in the DR group, this rise was significantly lower than in the 2 other groups. After the 6-month trial, in all groups, serum triglycerides (TG) and insulin levels decreased, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) increased. In the DR group, the TG, insulin and HOMA-R levels remained significantly lower than baseline until the 12-month follow-up.

We suggest that in addition to lifestyle changes, an isocaloric diet rich in dairy products may be a well-accepted regimen and can be a safe and practical strategy for weight control in young, overweight children.