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Longitudinal changes in cortical thickness associated with normal aging.

Madhav Thambisetty1, Jing Wan, Aaron Carass

  • 1Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224-2816, USA. thambisettym@mail.nih.gov

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This summary is machine-generated.

Aging causes widespread cortical thickness decline, particularly in frontal and parietal brain regions. This longitudinal study reveals an anterior-posterior gradient in age-related brain changes in older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Most studies on age-related brain changes use cross-sectional imaging, limiting understanding of longitudinal effects.
  • Longitudinal data is crucial for accurately assessing age-associated anatomical changes in the brain.
  • The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) provides a valuable cohort for studying aging processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal changes in cortical thickness during aging using serial imaging.
  • To identify specific brain regions affected by age-related cortical thinning.
  • To explore potential sex differences in longitudinal cortical thickness changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized serial imaging assessments from 66 non-demented older adults in the BLSA cohort.
  • Employed the Cortical Reconstruction Using Implicit Surface Evolution (CRUISE) algorithm for cortical surface reconstruction.
  • Applied mixed-effects regression to analyze longitudinal changes in 20 gyral regions of interest per hemisphere over an 8-year follow-up.

Main Results:

  • A widespread age-related decline in cortical thickness was observed, with a notable anterior-posterior gradient.
  • Frontal and parietal regions showed greater rates of thinning compared to temporal and occipital regions.
  • Males exhibited accelerated thinning in specific regions of the left and right hemispheres and bilaterally.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related cortical thinning is a widespread phenomenon in older adults, with regional variations.
  • The findings highlight an anterior-posterior gradient in age-associated cortical thickness decline.
  • Sex differences in the rate of cortical thinning were identified in several brain regions.