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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
07:38

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

Published on: May 27, 2021

An update on Tourette syndrome.

Thomas E Kimber1

  • 1Neurology Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. thomas.kimber@health.sa.gov.au

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|May 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Tourette syndrome involves basal ganglia circuit dysfunction, impacting sensory, motor, and behavioral symptoms. Personalized assessment and treatment are crucial for managing this complex neurological disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Tourette syndrome is a complex neurological disorder.
  • Understanding its phenomenology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment is evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent advances in Tourette syndrome research.
  • To highlight the neurobiological underpinnings and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data (implied).

Main Results:

  • Tourette syndrome is linked to basal ganglia circuit dysfunction.
  • Limbic and somatosensory "traffic" alterations are implicated.

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Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism
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Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism

Published on: July 5, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
07:38

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

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Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism
08:03

Inchworming: A Novel Motor Stereotypy in the BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism

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  • Dynamic input imbalances influence symptom presentation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Individualized assessment and treatment are essential for optimal patient outcomes.
    • Further research into corticostriatal-thalamocortical circuits is warranted.