[Rare localization of sarcoma in an adolescent: thoracic Ewing sarcoma]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Oncology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Ewing sarcoma is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, predominantly affecting children and adolescents.
• While commonly found in long bones and the pelvis, it can also arise from the rib cage.

Observation:

• A 15-year-old female presented with scapular pain and weight loss, indicative of a potential thoracic malignancy.
• Imaging revealed a mediastinal mass with vertebral metastasis, leading to rapid clinical deterioration and spinal cord compression.

Findings:

• Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of pediatric Ewing sarcoma.
• The patient received radiotherapy, laminectomy, and chemotherapy, showing significant motor recovery.

Implications:

• This case underscores that thoracic localization of Ewing sarcoma, though uncommon, should be considered in the evaluation of mediastinal masses.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes in rare pediatric malignancies.