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[THE EFFECT OF MOTION SICKNESS ON THE SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE IN RATS EXPOSED TO PRENATAL HYPOXIA].

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Behavior of toads, Bufo bufo, in a dynamic environment.

D V Lychakov1

  • 1Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, St. Petersburg, Russia. dlv2004@yandex.ru

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Toads do not experience motion sickness. Gentle rotation did not induce vomiting, but did cause stress responses, suggesting a vestibular system difference in lower vertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vestibular system research

Background:

  • Motion sickness is a common human ailment.
  • The physiological basis of motion sickness in lower vertebrates is poorly understood.
  • Vestibular system function varies across species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the susceptibility of toads to motion sickness.
  • To explore the vestibular responses of toads to rotational stimuli.
  • To test the resonance hypothesis for motion sickness immunity in lower vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Exposing free-moving toads to a Ferris wheel-like stimulator.
  • Applying gentle rotation (0.25 Hz, 0.143 g) for over 120 minutes without visual cues.
  • Observing behavioral responses, including motor activity, eye retractions, urination, and appetite.

Main Results:

  • No emetic or prodromal responses to rotation were observed.
  • Increased motor activity and escape attempts were noted, indicating a stress response.
  • Motionless toads exhibited head oscillations, likely a vestibular (otolith) reaction to oscillating acceleration.

Conclusions:

  • Toads are immune to motion sickness under the tested conditions.
  • Rotational stimuli induced stress and escape behaviors rather than motion sickness.
  • The resonance hypothesis may explain the lack of motion sickness in lower vertebrates due to their vestibular system's response to oscillating acceleration.