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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

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Hand Controlled Manipulation of Single Molecules via a Scanning Probe Microscope with a 3D Virtual Reality Interface
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Scanning probe microscopy: Move an atom and watch its spin flip.

Jean-Pierre Bucher1

  • 1Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7504, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. bucher@ipcms.u-strasbg.fr

Nature Nanotechnology
|May 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Scientists can now write and read magnetic information at the atomic level. This breakthrough uses a spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscope to manipulate and image individual atoms on magnetic surfaces.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic scale magnetism
  • Surface science
  • Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy

Background:

  • Developing methods for atomic-scale magnetic information storage is crucial for future data technologies.
  • Previous techniques lacked the precision to manipulate and image individual magnetic atoms.

Discussion:

  • Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM) enables unprecedented control over atomic magnetism.
  • The study demonstrates the ability to write and read magnetic states by manipulating individual atoms on a magnetic template.

Key Insights:

  • Achieved atomic-scale magnetic writing and reading capabilities.
  • Validated the use of SP-STM for precise manipulation of magnetic atoms.
  • Established a foundation for novel atomic-scale magnetic data storage.

Outlook:

  • Potential for developing ultra-high-density magnetic storage devices.
  • Further exploration of atom manipulation for quantum information processing.
  • Advancements in understanding magnetic interactions at the nanoscale.