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Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in an infant with perianal abscesses

Masamune Higashigawa1, Kayoka Maegawa, Hitoshi Honma

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Yamada Red Cross Hospital, 810 Takabuku, Misono-cho, Ise, 516-0805, Japan, higashigawa@hotmail.com.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
|May 8, 2010
PubMed

Insights

A rare case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) occurred in an infant with perianal abscesses after receiving the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). This suggests caution when administering OPV to infants with this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) contains live attenuated poliovirus strains.
  • Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare complication of OPV.
  • Perianal abscesses are a potential risk factor for VAPP.

Observation:

  • A 7-month-old infant with a history of recurrent perianal abscesses developed VAPP following primary OPV immunization.
  • The infant presented with fever and subsequent flaccid paralysis of the right leg.
  • Sabin type 3 poliovirus, genetically similar to the vaccine strain, was isolated from the infant's stool.

Findings:

  • The isolated poliovirus strain showed >99% VP1 region sequence identity to the vaccine strain.
  • The infant experienced persistent motor impairment in the affected leg.
  • Previous reports indicate a link between VAPP and perianal abscesses.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential risk of VAPP in infants with perianal abscesses.
  • Healthcare providers should exercise caution when administering OPV to infants with perianal abscesses.
  • Further investigation into the immunological mechanisms underlying this association may be warranted.

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