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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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gammadelta T cell subsets: a link between TCR and function?

Rebecca L O'Brien1, Willi K Born

  • 1Integrated Dept. of Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206, United States; Univ. of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. obrienr@njhealth.org

Seminars in Immunology
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gamma delta T lymphocytes are classified into subsets by T cell receptor (TCR) components, suggesting predetermined functions during thymic development. These distinct subsets exhibit tissue-specific TCRs and biased functional roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Gammadelta T lymphocytes are typically classified into subsets based on T cell receptor (TCR) component expression.
  • Initial classifications stemmed from observations of tissue-specific TCR differences in gammadelta T cells within certain epithelia.
  • Emerging evidence indicates that gammadelta T cell subsets are predisposed to specific functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional distinctions between TCR-defined gammadelta T cell subsets.
  • To explore the hypothesis that gammadelta T cell functions are predetermined during thymic development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gammadelta T cell subsets based on TCR expression.
  • Functional characterization of identified subsets.
  • Investigation of thymic development processes influencing gammadelta T cell programming.

Main Results:

  • Identification of functionally distinct gammadelta T cell subsets defined by TCR expression.
  • Evidence supporting a link between specific TCR types and predetermined cellular functions.
  • Demonstration of tissue-specific differences in gammadelta T cell TCRs.

Conclusions:

  • TCR-defined gammadelta T cell subsets possess distinct functional capabilities.
  • The thymus plays a crucial role in predetermining the functional programming of gammadelta T cells.
  • Specific gammadelta TCR types may direct cells towards particular functional pathways.