Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

6.3K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
6.3K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

2.8K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
2.8K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

7.3K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
7.3K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.4K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

1.2K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of the Cellular Immune Response to Group B Streptococcal Vaginal Colonization.

Journal of innate immunity·2025
Same author

Characterization of the Cellular Immune Response to Group B Streptococcal Vaginal Colonization.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Alternative assays for identifying the inciting antigen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice·2024
Same author

A Distinctive γδ T Cell Repertoire in NOD Mice Weakens Immune Regulation and Favors Diabetic Disease.

Biomolecules·2022
Same author

γδ T Cells Activated in Different Inflammatory Environments Are Functionally Distinct.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2022
Same author

Two functionally distinct subsets of IL-17 producing γδ T cells.

Immunological reviews·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta γδ T Cells from Apheresed Human Product
11:51

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta γδ T Cells from Apheresed Human Product

Published on: September 22, 2021

9.2K

Becoming aware of γδ T cells.

Willi K Born1, Rebecca L O'Brien2

  • 1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States.

Advances in Immunology
|April 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The discovery of gamma delta (γδ) T cells, a distinct lymphocyte population, was unexpected. These cells utilize a unique T cell receptor (TCR) and play crucial roles in immunity and physiology.

Keywords:
B cellsT cell receptorαβ T cellsγδ T cells

More Related Videos

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells using Zoledronate
13:08

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells using Zoledronate

Published on: September 9, 2011

27.8K
Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells
08:10

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

Published on: February 6, 2017

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta γδ T Cells from Apheresed Human Product
11:51

Expansion and Enrichment of Gamma-Delta γδ T Cells from Apheresed Human Product

Published on: September 22, 2021

9.2K
Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells using Zoledronate
13:08

Expansion of Human Peripheral Blood γδ T Cells using Zoledronate

Published on: September 9, 2011

27.8K
Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells
08:10

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

Published on: February 6, 2017

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • B cells and alpha beta (αβ) T cells were known, but the existence of gamma delta (γδ) T cells was not anticipated.
  • The discovery of a novel T cell receptor (TCR)-like gene (γ) did not immediately reveal a new T cell type.
  • Early speculation suggested a role for the γ chain in αβ T cell development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence of a second T cell type beyond αβ T cells.
  • To identify the protein partner of the γ chain and characterize the second T cell receptor (TCR).
  • To confirm the genetic basis and structure of the novel γδ TCR.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL)-derived cell lines expressing CD3 and the γ chain.
  • Co-precipitation studies to identify the γ chain's dimeric partner (δ).
  • Sequencing of the δ protein and comparison with newly discovered TCR-like genes (x).
  • Genomic rearrangement analysis during T cell development.

Main Results:

  • Human PBL-derived cell lines expressed CD3 with the γ chain but not the αβ TCR, indicating a potential second T cell type.
  • The γ chain co-precipitated with a novel protein, provisionally named δ.
  • Sequencing confirmed that the TCR-like x gene encoded the δ protein.
  • The γδ heterodimer was established as a second type of T cell receptor (TCR).

Conclusions:

  • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells represent a third distinct lymphocyte population expressing a unique T cell receptor (TCR).
  • These cells are widely distributed across vertebrate species, highlighting their biological significance.
  • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells play critical and diverse roles in host defense, tissue repair, immune regulation, and organ physiology.