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Generalized ligamentous laxity as a predisposing factor for primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
Jaskarndip Chahal1, Jeff Leiter, Michael D McKee
1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. jaschahal@hotmail.com
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|May 11, 2010
Summary
Generalized joint laxity and increased shoulder external rotation are linked to first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations in young adults. Identifying hyperlax individuals may enable targeted proprioceptive training to prevent injuries.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Human Anatomy
Background:
- Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common injury in young, active individuals.
- Predisposing factors for traumatic shoulder dislocation require further investigation.
- Generalized ligamentous laxity and shoulder range of motion are potential contributing factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether generalized ligamentous laxity and increased shoulder external rotation are predisposing factors for primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.
- To compare the prevalence of hyperlaxity and increased external rotation in young adults with and without a history of shoulder dislocation.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 57 young patients (<30 years) with primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.
- Generalized ligamentous laxity was assessed using the Hospital Del Mar Criteria (10 maneuvers).
- A control group of 92 age-matched university students without shoulder or anterior cruciate ligament injury history was included for comparison.
Main Results:
- Generalized ligamentous laxity was significantly more prevalent in patients with shoulder dislocation (33.3%) compared to controls (15.2%, P = .014).
- Increased contralateral shoulder external rotation (>85°) was also more common in the study group (38.6%) than in controls (22.8%, P = .043).
- Men with shoulder dislocation were 6.8 times more likely to exhibit both generalized ligamentous laxity and increased external rotation compared to matched controls (P = .003).
Conclusions:
- Generalized joint laxity and increased external rotation in the contralateral shoulder are associated with primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation in young adults.
- These findings suggest that hyperlaxity may be a significant risk factor for shoulder instability.
- Identifying individuals with hyperlaxity could facilitate the implementation of specific proprioceptive training programs to prevent shoulder dislocations.
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