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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
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Published on: July 29, 2021

14th International Headache Congress: basic science highlights.

Todd J Schwedt1, Peter J Goadsby

  • 1Washington University Headache Center, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Headache
|May 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Innovative research presented at the 14th International Headache Congress advances our understanding of headache pathophysiology. Key findings explore mechanisms of photophobia, phonophobia, and cluster headache treatment, offering new insights into migraine and hypnic headache.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Published on: July 29, 2021

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Investigating Migraine-Like Behavior Using Light Aversion in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • The 14th International Headache Congress showcased novel research on headache pathophysiology.
  • Understanding headache mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Framework:

  • This manuscript focuses on research elucidating headache mechanisms.
  • An accompanying manuscript details treatment strategies for various headache disorders.

Implementation:

  • Highlights include research on the mechanisms of photophobia and phonophobia.
  • Exploration of pharmacologic inhibition of cortical spreading depression is presented.
  • A proposed mechanism for oxygen's efficacy in treating cluster headache is discussed.
  • Functional and structural aberrations in hypnic headache are identified.
  • Research on functional imaging markers during migraine attacks is featured.

Implications:

  • These studies offer substantial contributions to understanding complex headache disorders.
  • Findings pave the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Advances in comprehending neurobiological underpinnings of headaches.