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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

InTERTpreting telomerase structure and function.

Haley D M Wyatt1, Stephen C West, Tara L Beattie

  • 1London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, EN6 3LD, UK .

Nucleic Acids Research
|May 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nobel laureates discovered telomerase, the enzyme synthesizing telomeres, crucial for genome stability. Understanding telomerase structure and function offers insights into diseases like cancer and potential therapeutic targets.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Telomeres protect chromosome ends, and telomerase synthesizes them.
  • Telomerase dysfunction is linked to cancer, bone marrow failure, and pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Nobel Prize awarded for telomere and telomerase research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) structure and function.
  • To highlight the role of telomerase in genome stability and human diseases.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets based on TERT structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of high-resolution structural studies of TERT.
  • Detailed examination of TERT from model organisms.
  • Review of literature on telomerase's role in human diseases.

Main Results:

  • TERT is a complex protein with an integral RNA subunit.
  • Structural studies provide insights into TERT architecture.
  • Telomerase dysfunction is implicated in various pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TERT structure is key to understanding its function.
  • Telomerase plays a critical role in human health and disease.
  • Further research may lead to novel therapeutic interventions for telomerase-related diseases.