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Updated: Jun 13, 2026
10:19
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
[Thyroid nodules: which further investigations should be done]
L Slahor1, C Stettler, E R Christ
1Universitäre Poliklinik für Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern. lea.slahor@ksl.ch
Praxis
|May 14, 2010
Summary
Thyroid nodules are common, especially with age. Diagnosis relies on ultrasound, with fine-needle aspiration for nodules over 1-1.5 cm to rule out cancer and hyperthyroidism.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Diagnostic Imaging
Background:
- Thyroid nodules are highly prevalent, increasing with age.
- Clinical detection often lags behind ultrasonographic findings.
- Key challenges include excluding thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism.
Observation:
- Ultrasonography is the initial imaging modality for palpable thyroid nodules.
- Nodule size and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels guide further evaluation.
- Fine-needle aspiration (cytology) is advised for euthyroid nodules >1-1.5 cm.
Findings:
- Surgical removal is indicated for nodules >4 cm without prior cytology.
- Asymptomatic nodules without risk factors are monitored via clinical exams and ultrasounds every 6-12 months.
- Earlier follow-up is necessary for symptomatic or rapidly growing nodules.
Implications:
- Establishes a clear diagnostic and management pathway for thyroid nodules.
- Highlights the importance of ultrasonography and TSH in decision-making.
- Defines criteria for fine-needle aspiration and surgical intervention, optimizing patient care.
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