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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

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Published on: May 17, 2024

[Gestational diabetes mellitus].

Jacques Lepercq¹

¹Université Paris-5, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, groupe hospitalier Cochin-Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, AP-HP, 75014 Paris. j.lepercq@svp.aphp.fr

La Revue Du Praticien

|May 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Early diagnosis via screening and appropriate management are crucial for maternal and infant health, with postpartum monitoring for type 2 diabetes risk.

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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Endocrinology
Public Health

Context:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects pregnant individuals, often resolving postpartum.
Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes requires pre-pregnancy or early prenatal diagnosis in at-risk women.
Obesity and overweight status increase risks for perinatal complications.

Purpose:

To outline the diagnostic criteria and screening protocols for GDM.
To emphasize the importance of timely GDM diagnosis and treatment.
To highlight the necessity of postpartum follow-up for type 2 diabetes risk assessment.

Summary:

GDM is characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, typically resolving after delivery.
Universal GDM screening occurs between 24-28 weeks gestation using a 75g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
Treatment of GDM and modified obstetrical management are evidence-supported.

Impact:

Effective GDM management improves maternal and fetal outcomes.
Postpartum screening (6-12 weeks and triennial) is vital for detecting subsequent type 2 diabetes.
Identifying and managing GDM reduces long-term health risks for mothers.