Hybrid MR angiography and Fourier velocity imaging using two echo 3D acquisition

Fourier velocity imaging can be accomplished without cardiac gating from the second echo of a standard 3D MR angiography sequence. The stepped bipolar velocity encoding gradient is obtained by adding a gradient pulse opposite in area to the spatial phase encoding gradient. In this technique, Fourier images of three spatial coordinates are obtained from the first echo and images of two spatial coordinates and one velocity component are obtained from the second echo.