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Summary
Bluetongue virus antibodies from 19 serotypes were detected in cattle near Nairobi, indicating continuous exposure. Annual bluetongue virus challenge rates varied, unaffected by rainfall, with all strains active nationwide.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Epidemiology of Bluetongue Virus
Background:
- Bluetongue virus (BTV) poses a significant threat to livestock globally.
- Understanding BTV serotype distribution and transmission dynamics is crucial for effective control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the serological prevalence of bluetongue virus (BTV) in sentinel cattle.
- To assess the annual challenge and distribution of 19 BTV serotypes in Kenya.
Main Methods:
- Sentinel cattle were monitored near Nairobi for bluetongue virus antibody detection.
- Sero-conversion rates were analyzed over several years.
- Geographical distribution of active BTV strains was assessed across five sites.
Main Results:
- Antibodies to 19 distinct bluetongue virus serotypes were identified in the sentinel cattle herd.
- Continuous annual challenge by these BTV strains was evident.
- Sero-conversion rates fluctuated annually and showed no correlation with rainfall.
- All 19 BTV strains demonstrated activity across diverse geographical locations within the country.
Conclusions:
- The study confirms widespread and persistent bluetongue virus activity in Kenya.
- Environmental factors like rainfall do not appear to directly influence BTV transmission rates in this region.
- The presence of multiple BTV serotypes highlights the complexity of bluetongue epidemiology and the need for robust surveillance.