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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: September 15, 2023

Thyroidectomy: exactly how painful is it?

Limor Muallem Kalmovich1, Valerie Cote, Noah Sands

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jewish General Hospital Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. limorm@013.net.il

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery = Le Journal D'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie Et De Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-thyroidectomy pain is generally moderate and manageable with non-narcotic analgesia. Males may experience higher pain levels, and sternothyroid muscle splitting does not significantly impact pain outcomes.

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Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
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Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

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Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
04:01

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

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Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
05:10

Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pain Management
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Post-conventional thyroidectomy pain has been evaluated regarding perioperative analgesics and comparison with endoscopic techniques.
  • Prospective data on open thyroidectomy pain levels and long-term analgesic needs are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively assess pain levels and analgesic requirements after open thyroidectomy.
  • To compare the impact of sternothyroid muscle retraction versus incision on postoperative pain.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 53 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.
  • Patients completed pain severity scales and recorded analgesic use post-surgery.

Main Results:

  • Pain peaked at a moderate level and decreased steadily post-surgery.
  • Most patients avoided narcotics; males reported higher/longer pain duration.
  • Sternothyroid muscle division did not affect pain levels or analgesic needs.

Conclusions:

  • Mild narcotics should be reserved for severe pain on postoperative day one; non-narcotics suffice for others.
  • Sternothyroid muscle splitting can be used at surgeon's discretion as it doesn't increase pain.