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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

Published on: January 2, 2017

Improved transplantation outcome by epigenetic changes.

Frank A Schildberg¹, Cristina A Hagmann, Volker Böhnert

¹Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. f.schildberg@uni-bonn.de

Transplant Immunology

|May 18, 2010

Summary

Epigenetic modifications in transplanted organs can improve host immune response and reduce reliance on immunosuppressive drugs. This approach offers a promising avenue for enhancing transplant outcomes and patient quality of life.

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Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Published on: October 31, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

Published on: January 2, 2017

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Immunology
Transplantation Biology
Epigenetics

Background:

The connection between epigenetics and host immune response to organ grafts is not widely recognized.
Epigenetic modifications of immune-related genes could significantly impact transplantation outcomes.
Understanding these epigenetic effects is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the effects of epigenetic alterations on transplantation-associated pathologies.
To explore tools for improving transplant outcomes by targeting epigenetic mechanisms.
To highlight the potential for reducing immunosuppressive drug use and side effects.

Main Methods:

Review of existing studies on epigenetic alterations in transplantation.
Discussion of therapeutic interventions like histone deacetylase inhibition and DNA methyltransferase inhibition.
Exploration of techniques such as venous systemic oxygen persufflation.

Main Results:

Epigenetic modifications can influence host immunity towards transplanted organs.
Therapeutic interventions targeting epigenetic pathways show promise in improving transplant outcomes.
These strategies may allow for a reduction in the dosage of immunosuppressive medications.

Conclusions:

Altering epigenetic patterns in transplanted organs is a potential strategy to improve patient quality of life.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind these beneficial effects.
Epigenetic modulation represents a novel frontier in transplantation medicine.