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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Evaluation of thermal compatibility between core and veneer dental ceramics using shear bond strength test and
Paula Benetti1, Alvaro Della Bona, J Robert Kelly
1São Paulo State University, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
Objectives:
To test the hypotheses that shear bond strength (sigma(s)) and contact angle (theta) are influenced by the thermal expansion/contraction behavior of bilayered all-ceramic systems.
Methods:
Glass-infiltrated ceramics (A - In-Ceram ALUMINA) and zirconia-reinforced alumina (Z - In- Ceram ZIRCONIA) were veneered with feldspathic ceramics (7 - VM7; 9 - VM9; 13 - VM13), yielding 6 experimental groups. Surface roughness (Ra) of A and Z core ceramic disks (12 mm diameter x 1.2 mm high) was measured to assure that values were similar. A cylinder of veneer (2 mm diameter x 2 mm high) was fired onto the center of all core disks, cooled under identical conditions and tested for sigma(s) to failure (n=20). For the theta evaluation (n=10) similar specimens (veneer 1 mm high) were overfired to develop an equilibrium theta that was then measured from digital images (AutoCAD 2006). Published thermal expansion data were used.
Results:
The mean values of sigma(s) (MPa) and theta (degrees) for the core-veneer ceramic groups were, respectively: A7 (19.4+/-4.7; 49+/-4.7); Z7 (23.4+/-6.2; 56+/-4.9); A9 (0.9+/-1.6; 55+/-5.8); Z9 (9.8+/-5.7; 59.8+/-2.9); A13 (0; 70+/-6.0); Z13 (0; 67.2+/-6.3). As the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion (coreveneer) increases, the theta value increases (r=0.95) and the sigma(s) value decreases (r=-0.92), p
Conclusion:
The contact angle measurement and the shear bond strength test of core-veneer ceramics are influenced by the thermal expansion behavior of these all-ceramic systems.
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