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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...

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Related Experiment Videos

Bisphosphonate adverse effects, lessons from large databases.

Bo Abrahamsen1

  • 1Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Department of Medicine Internal Medicine and Endocrinology F, Hellerup, Denmark. b.abrahamsen@physician.dk

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonate safety for osteoporosis shows low harm risk compared to fracture benefits. While oral bisphosphonates have minimal risks, intravenous forms may increase osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) risk. Further studies are recommended.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates are widely prescribed for osteoporosis.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential adverse events.
  • Health databases offer insights into drug safety profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bisphosphonate safety data from health databases.
  • To assess incidence rates of stress fractures, osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), atrial fibrillation, and gastrointestinal lesions.
  • Focus on bisphosphonates used for osteoporosis treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of health database studies.
  • Review of register studies and clinical case-control studies.
  • Examination of incidence rates for specific adverse events.

Main Results:

  • No confirmed shift to nonclassical femur fractures with bisphosphonates.
  • Oral bisphosphonates showed no increased risk for jaw surgery proxy for ONJ.
  • Intravenous bisphosphonates showed an eightfold increase in ONJ risk.
  • Potential increased atrial fibrillation risk in early alendronate treatment, but not long-term.
  • Two studies indicated a decreased risk of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonates.

Conclusions:

  • Overall risk of harm from bisphosphonates appears low relative to benefits in reducing osteoporotic fractures.
  • Database studies have limitations in specificity and sensitivity for atypical fractures and ONJ.
  • Clinical case-control studies are recommended for more precise risk assessment.