Metastasis-focused cell-based SELEX generates aptamers inhibiting cell migration and invasion

Metastasis, the capacity of tumour cells to disseminate and grow at distant sites, is the main factor in cancer mortality. Compounds inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells are promising candidates for anticancer therapy strategies. We have generated nuclease-resistant RNA ligands (aptamers) recognizing highly metastatic cells with high affinity and specificity, and inhibiting their migratory and invasive potentials. Aptamers were generated by a cell-based subtractive SELEX technology using isogenic cell lines with similar tumorigenic potentials but opposite metastatic aggressiveness. Two aptamers, E37 and E10, bound specifically to the metastatically aggressive cell line and altered the phosphorylation of several tyrosine kinases. Fluorescent microscopy showed intracellular uptake of E37, in contrast to membrane binding of E10. Both aptamers inhibited migration of tumour cells in culture (50 and 85% inhibition with respect to control pool for E10 and E37, respectively) while only E10 inhibited cell invasion (-75% with respect to control pool). This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of cell-based SELEX to yield ligands that selectively recognize aggressive metastatic cells and inhibit phenotypes linked to metastatic potential.