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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

Published on: July 29, 2014

Pattern recognition receptors: an update.

Nadege Goutagny1, Katherine A Fitzgerald

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
|May 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogens, initiating immediate defense and adaptive immunity. Targeting PRRs offers potential clinical applications for various infections and diseases.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
12:43

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Published on: July 29, 2014

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10:07

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06:44

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Published on: January 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The vertebrate immune system comprises innate and adaptive responses crucial for infection resolution.
  • Innate immunity provides immediate protection and guides adaptive responses via germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of innate immune sensors (PRRs) and their regulatory mechanisms.
  • To highlight the role of PRRs in host defense and their therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on pattern recognition receptors.
  • Description of various PRR families, including collectins, C-type lectins, Toll-like receptors, NACHT-LRR proteins, and RNA helicases.
  • Discussion of signaling pathways triggered by microbial recognition.

Main Results:

  • PRRs detect conserved microbial patterns, triggering immune responses like pathogen uptake, killing, and transcriptional activation.
  • PRR families include soluble, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic sensors.
  • Emerging roles of PRRs in susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, and atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting PRRs and their pathways presents a promising clinical strategy for managing infections and inflammatory conditions.
  • Therapeutics targeting Toll-like receptor signaling are under active development.