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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.
06:55

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Published on: November 7, 2018

Risk factors for gastroenteritis: a nested case-control study.

S Rodrigo1, M Sinclair, R Wolfe

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Epidemiology and Infection
|May 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consumption of beef and handling raw chicken significantly increased gastroenteritis risk in households using rainwater. Protective factors included raw salads, salami, and shellfish, highlighting dietary and contact-related prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Gastroenteritis remains a significant public health concern, particularly in communities relying on non-potable water sources.
  • Understanding endemic risk factors is crucial for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify significant risk factors and protective elements associated with endemic gastroenteritis in a cohort using rainwater.
  • To quantify the population attributable fraction (PAF) for identified risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • A nested case-control study design was employed within a defined cohort.
  • Data collection focused on domestic practices, dietary habits, and animal contact.
  • Statistical analysis, including odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI), was used to assess risk and protective factors.

Main Results:

  • Consumption of beef (OR 2.74) and handling raw chicken (OR 1.52) were significant risk factors.
  • Animal contact (OR 1.83) also increased gastroenteritis risk.
  • Raw salads (OR 0.33), salami (OR 0.60), and shellfish (OR 0.31) demonstrated protective effects.
  • Beef consumption was associated with a substantial population attributable fraction (PAF) of 57.6%.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary practices, particularly beef consumption, and food handling significantly influence endemic gastroenteritis risk in rainwater-dependent communities.
  • Public health messaging should emphasize safe food preparation and consumption, especially regarding beef.
  • The high PAF for beef underscores its critical role in community gastroenteritis burden, even outside of outbreak settings.