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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into rapid-acting...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity
03:37

Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity

Published on: June 8, 2021

Risperidone long-acting injection: in bipolar I disorder.

Emma D Deeks1

  • 1Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Long-acting injectable risperidone effectively delays relapse in bipolar I disorder patients. This novel microsphere formulation offers stable plasma concentrations and is well-tolerated for maintenance therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Bipolar I disorder requires effective long-term maintenance treatment.
  • Oral antipsychotics can have challenges with adherence and plasma concentration fluctuations.
  • A long-acting injectable formulation offers an alternative for sustained treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a long-acting injectable risperidone formulation for bipolar I disorder maintenance.
  • To compare the relapse rates between long-acting injectable risperidone and placebo.
  • To assess the pharmacokinetic profile of the long-acting formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Two well-designed clinical trials with 1-2 year maintenance phases.
  • Inclusion of adult patients with stabilized bipolar I disorder, with or without frequent relapses.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity
03:37

Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity

Published on: June 8, 2021

  • Assessment of time to relapse to any mood episode as the primary endpoint.

    • Main Results:

    • Risperidone long-acting injection significantly delayed time to relapse compared to placebo in both studies.
    • The risk of relapse was significantly reduced with risperidone long-acting injection versus placebo.
    • Plasma drug concentration fluctuations were 1.7-fold lower with the long-acting formulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Long-acting injectable risperidone is effective for delaying relapse in bipolar I disorder maintenance.
    • The formulation demonstrates a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with reduced fluctuations.
    • It is generally well-tolerated as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy.