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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Soliton creation during a Bose-Einstein condensation.

Bogdan Damski¹, Wojciech H Zurek

¹Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS-B213, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|May 21, 2010

Summary

Cooling into a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) creates solitons whose density reveals critical exponents. Counting these solitons or analyzing correlation functions can determine BEC phase transition exponents z and nu.

Area of Science:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Gases

Background:

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a quantum mechanical phenomenon occurring in bosons at low temperatures.
Understanding the critical exponents of BEC phase transitions is crucial for characterizing the transition dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation using the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
To establish a method for determining critical exponents (z and nu) of BEC phase transitions.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations employing the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
Analysis of soliton formation and density during the cooling process.
Calculation of two-point correlation functions.

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Main Results:

Cooling into a BEC generates solitons whose density is directly related to the cooling rate and critical exponents.
The density of these solitons provides a direct measure of the critical exponents z and nu.
Two-point correlation functions also contain information about these critical exponents.

Conclusions:

Soliton counting offers a novel experimental method to determine BEC phase transition critical exponents.
The stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation accurately models BEC dynamics and soliton formation.
This work provides a new pathway for experimental characterization of quantum phase transitions.