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Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Aptamer-Based Target Detection Facilitated by a 3-Stage G-Quadruplex Isothermal Exponential Amplification Reaction

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Aptamer-based carbohydrate recognition.

Wei Sun¹, Lupei Du, Minyong Li

¹Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.

Current Pharmaceutical Design

|May 21, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acid aptamers are powerful tools for recognizing carbohydrates, including sugars and glycans. These high-affinity aptamers show promise for advancing drug discovery and biomarker development.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Carbohydrate Chemistry

Background:

Carbohydrates are crucial in biological processes, acting as recognition sites and biomarkers.
Nucleic acid aptamers offer specific molecular recognition capabilities.
The Systematic Evolution of Ligands Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) methodology is key for aptamer isolation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss nucleic acid aptamers developed for carbohydrate recognition.
To highlight aptamers targeting a range of carbohydrate structures.
To explore the potential of these aptamers in drug discovery.

Main Methods:

Literature review of SELEX-derived carbohydrate aptamers.
Analysis of aptamer affinity and specificity for various carbohydrate targets.
Discussion of applications in biological and medical fields.

Main Results:

Numerous aptamers have been successfully generated for diverse carbohydrate targets.
Aptamers demonstrate high affinity and specificity for monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, aminoglycoside antibiotics, and glycoprotein glycans.
The reviewed aptamers represent valuable tools for carbohydrate analysis.

Conclusions:

Nucleic acid aptamers are effective tools for recognizing a wide array of carbohydrates.
High-affinity carbohydrate aptamers can significantly aid in drug discovery and development.
Further research into aptamer applications will enhance biomarker and diagnostic tool development.