Strategies for Cervical Cancer Treatment using the Regenerative Potentials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine due to their selfrenewal capacity and immunomodulatory functions. Increasing evidence suggests that these same properties influence tumor progression and response to cancer therapy. This review provides a detailed overview of how MSCs can be utilized in the treatment of cervical cancer, addressing the challenges associated with this complex disease. In addition to outlining recent advances in MSC-based regenerative strategies, we discuss their functional roles within the cervical cancer microenvironment and their therapeutic applications in disease management. Furthermore, the review examines the interactions between MSCs and various components of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells, which collectively influence tumor progression and therapeutic response. Particular focus is given to the involvement of MSCs in key signalling pathways associated with cervical cancer, including EMT, NF-κB, miR-144-3p, CEP55, and CD73 pathways. These pathways contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, immune modulation, and treatment resistance. We also explore the use of MSCs as carriers for therapeutic agents, targeted drug delivery systems, genetically modified cell-based therapies, and immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, their potential to interfere with mechanisms related to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion is discussed. Collectively, this review highlights the therapeutic promise of MSC-based strategies while addressing the opportunities and challenges that must be overcome to enable their safe and effective clinical translation in cervical cancer treatment.