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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

Do icon arrays help reduce denominator neglect?

Rocio Garcia-Retamero¹, Mirta Galesic, Gerd Gigerenzer

¹Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany. rretamer@ugr.es

Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

|May 21, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Denominator neglect, a common decision-making error, can be overcome using icon arrays. These visual aids improve understanding of treatment risk reduction, benefiting all age groups, especially older adults.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Decision Science
Health Communication

Background:

Denominator neglect occurs when individuals focus on event frequency (numerators) without considering the total opportunities (denominators).
This cognitive bias particularly affects health decisions, especially for older adults.
Understanding treatment risk reduction is crucial for informed healthcare choices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of denominator neglect on risk reduction understanding.
To evaluate the effectiveness of icon arrays in mitigating denominator neglect.
To assess the utility of icon arrays for older adults in health decision-making.

Main Methods:

Two studies were conducted: one laboratory-based (within-subjects) and one online (between-subjects).
Participants were presented with information on treatment risk reduction with varying sample sizes.
Icon arrays were introduced as a visual aid to represent numerical data.

Main Results:

Participants frequently neglected denominators, overemphasizing numerators in risk reduction assessments.
The inclusion of icon arrays significantly improved attention to denominators.
Icon arrays led to more accurate risk reduction assessments for both younger and older adults.

Conclusions:

Denominator neglect stems from the representation of information, not solely cognitive limitations.
Icon arrays are an effective tool for overcoming denominator neglect in risk communication.
Visual aids like icon arrays enhance numerical comprehension and decision-making accuracy.