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Related Experiment Videos

Diurnal variations in central venous pressure.

B T Engel1, M I Talan

  • 1Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224.

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
|February 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that nocturnal heart rate decreases cardiac output in monkeys, independent of blood volume shifts. Findings suggest a nightly reduction in plasma volume contributes to these hemodynamic changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Nocturnal hemodynamic patterns are not fully understood.
  • Previous research indicated a fall in cardiac output and rise in total peripheral resistance overnight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nocturnal changes in cardiovascular parameters in non-human primates.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind nocturnal hemodynamic alterations and test the plasma volume hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous beat-to-beat monitoring of heart rate, stroke volume, intra-arterial pressure, and central venous pressure in seven Macaca mulatta monkeys over one month.
  • Data collection for 18 hours daily, 7 days a week.
  • Inclusion of alpha- and beta-adrenergic sympathetic blockade to assess autonomic influence.

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Main Results:

  • Confirmed that cardiac output decreases and total peripheral resistance increases during the night.
  • Identified heart rate reduction as the primary driver of decreased cardiac output, with stable stroke volume.
  • Demonstrated a nocturnal fall in central venous pressure, even under sympathetic blockade.
  • Observed stable blood pressure throughout the night, despite an early evening drop.

Conclusions:

  • The nocturnal decline in cardiac output is mediated by a decrease in heart rate, not stroke volume.
  • The fall in central venous pressure suggests blood volume does not shift to the venous compartment.
  • Findings support the hypothesis of a nocturnal decline in plasma volume.