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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that stretch at a...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with varying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

Published on: March 22, 2019

Short-wave infrared excited SERS.

Kirstin A Lynn1, Graeme McNay, David A Eustace

  • 1Renishaw Diagnostics Ltd, 5 Robroyston Oval, Glasgow, UK.

The Analyst
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing colloidal properties enables Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements at 1546 nm for various analytes. This breakthrough highlights SERS

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for detecting analytes at low concentrations.
  • Traditional SERS often operates in visible or near-infrared regions, limiting its application scope.
  • The 1546 nm wavelength region offers advantages for specific applications, including reduced background fluorescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize colloidal properties for effective SERS measurements at 1546 nm.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of SERS for diverse analytes using this specific wavelength.
  • To explore the potential of 1546 nm SERS for security-related applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of colloidal nanoparticles with tailored optical properties.

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Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional π-conjugate Systems

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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  • Experimental setup for SERS measurements at 1546 nm.
  • Analysis of SERS spectra from various target analytes.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful optimization of colloidal properties enabling SERS signal acquisition at 1546 nm.
    • Detection of multiple analytes with distinct spectral fingerprints at the target wavelength.
    • Demonstration of enhanced SERS performance through colloidal property tuning.

    Conclusions:

    • Colloidal property optimization is crucial for extending SERS capabilities to the 1546 nm region.
    • This work validates the use of 1546 nm SERS for a range of analytes.
    • The findings underscore the significant potential of 1546 nm SERS for homeland security and other valuable applications.