Related Experiment Videos
Blood pressure levels and bleeding events during antithrombotic therapy: the Bleeding with Antithrombotic Therapy
Kazunori Toyoda1, Masahiro Yasaka, Shinichiro Uchiyama
1Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan. toyoda@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
Insights
Elevated blood pressure (BP) during antithrombotic therapy increases intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) risk. Maintaining BP below 130/81 mm Hg is crucial for preventing ICH in these patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Antithrombotic medications are widely used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
- Major bleeding events, including intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and extracranial hemorrhage, are significant risks associated with antithrombotic therapy.
- The relationship between blood pressure (BP) levels during follow-up and the risk of bleeding events requires further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between BP levels during follow-up and the occurrence of major bleeding events (ICH and extracranial hemorrhage) in patients using oral antithrombotic agents.
- To identify specific BP thresholds or trends associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
Main Methods:
- A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study involving 4009 patients on oral antithrombotic agents.
- Assessment of changes in systolic and diastolic BP from entry to the last clinic visit before a bleeding event.
- Statistical analysis to determine the association between BP levels and the incidence of ICH and extracranial hemorrhage, adjusting for known predictors.
Main Results:
- Over a median follow-up of 19 months, 31 patients developed ICH and 77 developed extracranial hemorrhage.
- Elevated systolic and diastolic BP levels during follow-up, particularly in the first year, were independently associated with an increased risk of ICH.
- An optimal BP cutoff of >=130/81 mm Hg was identified for predicting ICH risk.
- No significant association was found between BP levels and extracranial hemorrhage.
Conclusions:
- An increase in BP during antithrombotic medication is positively associated with the development of ICH.
- Adequate BP control, aiming for levels below 130/81 mm Hg, is important for preventing ICH in patients on antithrombotic therapy.
- BP levels do not appear to be associated with the risk of extracranial hemorrhage in this patient population.
Background And Purpose:
A prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was conducted to clarify the association between major bleeding events and blood pressure (BP) levels during follow-up before development of bleeding events in antithrombotic users.
Methods:
A total of 4009 patients taking oral antithrombotic agents for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (2728 men, 69+/-10 years old) were followed. Changes in systolic and diastolic BPs between entry and the last clinic visit before intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) or extracranial hemorrhage were assessed.
Results:
Over a median follow-up of 19 months, ICH developed in 31 patients and extracranial hemorrhage developed in 77. Entry BP levels were similar among patients with ICH, those with extracranial hemorrhage, and those without hemorrhagic events. Both systolic BP and diastolic BP were relatively high during follow-up as compared with the levels at entry in patients with ICH, whereas they showed plateaus in patients with extracranial hemorrhage and patients without hemorrhagic events. Average systolic BP levels between 1 and 6 months (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.92 per 10-mm Hg increase) and between 7 and 12 months (hazard ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.01) as well as average diastolic BP levels between 7 and 12 months (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.62) were independently associated with development of ICH after adjustment for established ICH predictors. The optimal cutoff BP level to predict impending risk of ICH was >or=130/81 mm Hg using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
Conclusions:
An increase in BP levels during antithrombotic medication was positively associated with development of ICH, suggesting the importance of adequate BP control for avoiding ICH. BP levels did not appear to be associated with extracranial hemorrhage.
Related Concept Videos
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Disorders of Hemostasis
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...