Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Introspection01:29

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder01:30

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Attenuated learning rates for negative outcomes in substance use disorders: A replication and extension of prior longitudinal computational modeling results.

Drug and alcohol dependence·2025
Same author

Can you feel it? Altered affective touch perception in a transdiagnostic sample of female adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury.

Translational psychiatry·2025
Same author

Neuroanatomical dimensions in major depression linked to cognition, adverse life events, self-harm, metabolomics and genetics.

Communications medicine·2025
Same author

Frontal Cortex Stimulation Modulates Attentional Circuits and Increases Anxiety-Potentiated Startle in Anxious Depression.

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging·2025
Same author

Pavlovian bias is associated with symptom severity but not diagnostic status in individuals with both anxious and non-anxious depression.

Translational psychiatry·2025
Same author

Altered Gastrointestinal Interoception in Anorexia Nervosa Predicts Relapse.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same journal

Neurobiological after-effects and clinical efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same journal

A conserved pulvinar projection to the amygdala revealed in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Brain structure & function·2026
Same journal

Cerebellar pathway diffusion MRI measures are linked to core autism symptoms in early adolescents aged 9 to 11 years.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same journal

The role of the subcortical structures in subthreshold depression: evidence from static and dynamic functional connectivity.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same journal

Auditory conditioned fear elicits anxiety-like behavior and differential neuronal remodeling in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex of rats.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same journal

Brain structure and function in Homo naledi.

Brain structure & function·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Interoception in anxiety and depression.

Martin P Paulus1, Murray B Stein

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 8939 Villa La Jolla Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. mpaulus@ucsd.edu

Brain Structure & Function
|May 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression and anxiety involve altered interoceptive states, not just disorders. Noisy, amplified self-referential beliefs impact interoception, influencing these conditions.

More Related Videos

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
04:20

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

Published on: November 11, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
04:20

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

Published on: November 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Interoception, the sense of the body's internal state, is increasingly linked to mental health.
  • Beliefs and alliesthesia (the pleasantness of sensations) play a role in how interoceptive signals are perceived.
  • Depression and anxiety are complex conditions with potential roots in altered bodily awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature connecting interoception, belief, and alliesthesia in depression and anxiety.
  • To propose a neuroanatomical and processing model integrating these factors.
  • To examine the interplay between basic interoception, self-referential beliefs, and top-down modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis.
  • Conceptual integration of neuroanatomical and processing pathways.
  • Development of a theoretical model.

Main Results:

  • Increased, noisy afferent interoceptive input is associated with depression and anxiety.
  • Self-referential and belief-based states modulate interoceptive signals.
  • Top-down modulation attempts to attenuate poorly predictive signals.

Conclusions:

  • Depression and anxiety are characterized by altered interoceptive states.
  • These alterations stem from amplified, noisy, self-referential, and belief-based interoceptive predictions.
  • The model highlights the interface between interoception, belief, and predictive processing in mood disorders.