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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.

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Exercise-induced immune cell apoptosis: image-based model for morphological assessment.

James W Navalta1, Refaat Mohamed, Ayman El-Baz

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1089, USA. james.navalta@wku.edu

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|May 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel, objective image-based method to assess exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis. This computer-assisted approach overcomes the subjectivity of traditional methods, enhancing the study of immune cell death.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Assessing exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis is crucial for understanding immune responses.
  • Current methods, including morphological and biochemical assays, present limitations such as subjectivity and varying results.
  • Morphological assessment, while often yielding higher apoptotic indices, suffers from inherent subjectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce an objective, image-based computational method for assessing lymphocyte apoptosis induced by exercise.
  • To overcome the limitations of subjectivity in traditional morphological assessment techniques.
  • To enhance the accuracy and understanding of exercise-induced immune cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a computer software-based approach utilizing a stochastic controlled deformable model.
  • Detection of classic apoptotic morphological changes like membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation.
  • Integration of the image-based model with existing biomarker methods for comprehensive evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model objectively detects exercise-induced morphological changes indicative of lymphocyte apoptosis.
  • This image-based approach offers a more objective alternative to subjective morphological assessments.
  • The method has the potential to provide more reliable data on exercise-induced immune cell death.

Conclusions:

  • An objective, image-based computational method can reliably assess exercise-induced lymphocyte apoptosis.
  • This novel approach addresses the subjectivity inherent in traditional morphological techniques.
  • Combining this objective method with biomarker analysis promises to significantly advance the understanding of exercise immunology.