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Related Experiment Videos

Skin irritation induced by topically applied timolol.

K Kubota1, E Koyama, K Yasuda

  • 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, National Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Topical timolol, a beta-blocker, significantly increased erythema and blood flow in male volunteers. Skin diffusivity, not reactivity, explains individual variations in timolol absorption and skin response.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Dermatology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Topical timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocker.
  • Erythema is a potential side effect of topical timolol application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess erythema induced by topical timolol.
  • To investigate the relationship between plasma timolol concentration and erythema.
  • To determine factors influencing inter-individual variation in response.

Main Methods:

  • Six male volunteers applied timolol free base to the forearm.
  • Erythema intensity was measured using visual scores, laser Doppler flowmetry, and reflectance spectrophotometry.
  • Plasma timolol concentrations were measured from both arms.

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Main Results:

  • Application of timolol significantly increased blood volume, blood flow, hemoglobin index, and erythema.
  • Plasma timolol concentrations were higher in the application arm and correlated with erythema extent.
  • Low plasma concentrations in non-erythematous subjects suggest skin diffusivity is key.

Conclusions:

  • Topical timolol induces erythema and alters skin blood flow.
  • Skin diffusivity of timolol, not skin reactivity, primarily drives individual responses.
  • Further research into topical timolol absorption and side effect management is warranted.