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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
[Hexaminolevulinate fluorescence cystoscopy in 2009]
D Jacqmin1, B Bordier, J Guillotreau
1Service d'Urologie, CHU de Strasbourg, place de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg cedex, France.
Abstract:
Fluorescence cystoscopy improves the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, particularly carcinoma in situ, and reduces recurrence. The technique is well tolerated with few side effects. Guidelines recommend fluorescence cystoscopy in multifocal tumors, tumors >3cm, early recurrence, High grade cytology, follow-up of high-risk bladder cancer (T1G3 and CIS).
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