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Four Temporary Waterslide Designs Adapted to Different Slope Conditions to Encourage Child Socialization in Playgrounds

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Published on: December 9, 2022

Building opportunity: developing city systems to expand and improve after school programs.

Martha A Holleman¹, M Jane Sundius, Eric J Bruns

¹Strategic Thinking for Social Change, 4904 Wilmslow Road, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA. holleman.martha@gmail.com

American Journal of Community Psychology

|May 25, 2010

Summary

This study explores citywide system-building for after-school programs, focusing on Baltimore

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Four Temporary Waterslide Designs Adapted to Different Slope Conditions to Encourage Child Socialization in Playgrounds

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Community-based research
Urban education policy
Youth development programs

Background:

Research often focuses on individual after-school programs.
Fewer studies examine citywide systems for after-school program development.
Urban communities are building systems to improve after-school offerings.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine citywide system-building for after-school programs.
To understand intentional efforts to develop, support, and sustain quality programming.
To present Baltimore's After-School Strategy as a case study.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on after-school programs.
Analysis of Baltimore's After-School Strategy development.
Identification of key system components for after-school initiatives.

Main Results:

Baltimore's After-School Strategy exemplifies citywide system-building.
Identified core components for developing and sustaining quality after-school programs.
Highlighted the collaborative efforts of funders, officials, and practitioners.

Conclusions:

Citywide system-building is crucial for expanding high-quality after-school opportunities.
Baltimore's approach offers a model for other urban environments.
Future work should focus on replicating and refining these system-building strategies.