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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis
07:29

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis

Published on: May 16, 2020

Protein-coding and non-coding gene expression analysis in differentiating human keratinocytes using a

Joseph Mazar1, Satyabrata Sinha, Marcel E Dinger

  • 1Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.

Molecular Genetics and Genomics : MGG
|May 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organotypic cultures of keratinocytes (KCs) forming epidermal equivalents (EE) reveal gene expression changes critical for skin barrier formation. These changes involve microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during epidermal differentiation.

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Area of Science:

  • * Dermatology and skin biology research.
  • * Investigating epidermal homeostasis and differentiation mechanisms.

Background:

  • * The epidermis, composed of keratinocytes (KCs), maintains barrier function through a balance of proliferation, differentiation, and cell death.
  • * Understanding the genetic regulation of epidermal stratification and cornification is crucial for skin health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To identify genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in initiating and maintaining epidermal cornification.
  • * To establish a model system for studying epidermal differentiation using organotypic cultures.

Main Methods:

  • * Organotypic cultures of stratified keratinocytes were used to create epidermal equivalents (EE) at an air/liquid interface.
  • * Microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles between submerged and air/liquid cultures.
  • * Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Northern blots were used to validate the expression of specific miRNAs and lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • * Transferring keratinocyte cultures to an air/liquid interface induced distinct mRNA profiles, triggering genes regulating proliferation, differentiation, and cell death.
  • * Several miRNAs, including miR-203, miR-205, and Let-7b, showed dynamic expression changes during epidermal differentiation.
  • * Differential expression of several lncRNAs suggests their potential role in epidermal differentiation, though their functions require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • * Epidermal equivalents cultured at an air/liquid interface provide a robust model for studying epidermal differentiation.
  • * The study identified key gene expression changes, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, associated with epidermal stratification and cornification.
  • * Further research is needed to elucidate the precise biological functions of identified lncRNAs in epidermal development and disease.