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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Next generation sequencing in functional genomics.

Thomas Werner1

  • 1Genomatix Software GmbH, D-80335 München, Germany. werner@genomatix.de

Briefings in Bioinformatics
|May 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) advances functional genomics by detailing gene regulation. These technologies reveal subtle genomic differences and support systems biology and personalized medicine.

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Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
09:34

Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease

Published on: April 4, 2018

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
13:24

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies

Published on: April 11, 2016

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons
10:24

Next-generation Sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Amplicons

Published on: August 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • Genome-wide sequencing links cellular events to genomic sequences in health and disease.
  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides high-resolution insights into individual genome variations and regulatory differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contribution of NGS-based technologies to functional genomics.
  • To highlight the role of NGS in understanding gene regulation, particularly transcription factor binding.

Main Methods:

  • NGS-based transcriptome sequencing.
  • Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) for transcription factor binding and epigenetic analyses (DNA methylation, histone modification).
  • Analysis of complex interactions between genome, gene products, and metabolites.

Main Results:

  • NGS enables detection of subtle genomic differences, including alternative splicing.
  • Integrated analyses provide unprecedented resolution for functional genomics.
  • Identification of gene regulatory mechanisms through transcription factor binding site analysis.

Conclusions:

  • NGS technologies are crucial for advancing functional genomics research.
  • These methods provide a foundation for systems biology and personalized medicine strategies.
  • Understanding gene regulation via NGS is key to elucidating biological functions.